Introduction

It was the sound of the summer, in the worst way imaginable. In May 2024, a video of a group of young people on the German island of Sylt singing “Ausländer raus” (“foreigners out”) and “Deutschland den Deutschen” (“Germany for Germans”) over a 1999 Eurodance beat went viral in Germany. Whether a misguided attempt at humor, a genuine reflection of their views, or somewhere in between, the video massively backfired on the partygoers, who were investigated by police and lost their jobs.

The video’s creation and virality sparked renewed debate in Germany about the growing normalization of far-right ideology and racism in the country in recent years. Far-right sentiment and organizations are increasingly a problem in Germany, and this new generation of German far-right activists is younger than it has been in the past, and is becoming more organized and brazen. These are very sensitive issues in Germany owing to its history with Nazism. Far-right and neo-Nazi groups and movements nonetheless persist to the present day, and have grown rapidly in recent years, particularly so in the last 12 months. The German Ministry for Education reported that it had to submit a total of 152 German youths for counseling due to incidents involving extreme right-wing activity in 2024, (1) while the research institute CeMAS counted 27 right-wing extremist demonstrations against LGBTQ+ Pride parades in the summer of 2024—the highest number ever reported. (2)

Germany’s Interior Ministry currently recognizes three registered political parties as right-wing extremists: the Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD), Die Rechte (The Right), and Der III. Weg (The Third Way) (2). Although they are significant players in the German far-right, these parties have had almost no electoral success and they are not widely supported in Germany. As of 2025, there are no active political parties in Germany that are banned, although there have been attempts and discussions about banning the NPD and the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) party.

There have been several right-wing terrorist attacks in Germany in recent years, highlighting the danger these movements pose. One of the first high-profile killings was that of Dr Walter Lübcke, a senior local politician from the city of Kassel known for his pro-refugee stance. In 2019, Lübcke was shot and killed outside his home by a right-wing extremist who opposed his views (3) The same year, Stephan Balliet attempted to storm a synagogue in Halle on Yom Kippur, one of the most important Jewish holidays, while dozens of worshippers were inside. Balliet was armed but was unable to breach the synagogue door. He subsequently shot and killed a passerby before driving through Halle, targeting people he believed to be foreigners, and killing one person at a kebab restaurant. (4)

In 2020, a gunman opened fire at two shisha bars in Hanau, killing nine people of migrant descent before killing himself. (5) The following year in Dresden, a far-right extremist plot to bomb a refugee center was dismantled. (6) In addition to these attacks, there have been countless instances of stabbings, beatings and arson attacks motivated by far-right extremism over the last several years. The period from 2019 to 2023 marked a significant increase in violence linked to far-right ideologies in Germany. (7) This article will examine some of Germany’s emerging and resurgent far-right groups, movements, political parties, and underground networks, with a particular focus on 2024, when their presence greatly expanded.

‘Neo-Nazis and their dark networks’

At the start of 2024, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz gave a stark and honest warning to his people: “New reports are emerging all the time about neo-Nazis and their dark networks. At the same time, right-wing populists are gaining ground, fueling fear and sowing hatred.” However, “this development is not something we simply have to accept,” he declared, before calling on Germans to stand up against the far-right and protect Germany's democracy. Nonetheless, in the 12 months since his speech, the numbers attending far-right demonstrations has surged, the street activities of these groups have become more prevalent, and far-right parties have gained seats in multiple local elections.

In Germany’s southwest, far-right group Unitas Germanica made disrupting Pride celebrations a major focus in 2024, while also promoting their extreme-right ideology. Like many of these modern far-right groups, they spread their message via TikTok and Instagram. (10) Although groups like Unitas Germanica appear to be in a formative stage, with limited membership, they have frequently organized demonstrations alongside other more established far-right groups for greater impact, such as those in Albstadt and eastern Germany. These groups include the Young Nationalists (JN), the Third Way, and Pforzheim Revolte—which has itself been rebranding to ally with militant youth organizations including the National Revolutionary Youth. (11)

The number of these organizations seems to be growing, fueled by Germany’s myriad socio economic crises, including rampant inflation, economic instability, government austerity, and a rise in xenophobia associated with the influx of refugees and migrants under Chancellor Angela Merkel’s Christian Democratic Union party over the last 10 years, particularly between 2015–2016 when 1.2 million mostly Syrian and Iraqi refugees and asylum seekers were allowed into Germany on humanitarian grounds. (12) (13) Although praised by many at the time as a great show of humanity, some would later criticize the decision for creating an unnecessary strain on German resources and fueling far-right conspiratorial fears of a ‘Great Replacement’ of white Europeans.

Newer organizations such as political party Die Heimat (The Homeland) are leading the effort to adapt the far-right in Germany by focusing on mobilizing youth and fostering militant activism, pushing aside more well-known alt-right organizations such as PEGIDA and Generation Identity. Chancellor Scholz welcomed a recent landmark constitutional court ruling that cut state funding and tax breaks (that German parties legally receive) for the far-right political party. (14) This ruling marked the first time that Germany has cut state financial support for a party without banning it.

The Reich Citizens' Movement—unique among far-right groups in that it seeks to reestablish the German Empire rather than embracing Nazi-era ideologies—held a “Future Congress” with around 70 attendees in 2023 that advocated for a rejection of the legitimacy of the Federal Republic of Germany and a return to the German Empire. (15) A key figure in the Reich Citizens’ Movement and author of monarchist conspiracy theory text ‘The German Empire 1871 to Today’ Matthes Haug spoke at the event. Haug is currently under investigation for his involvement in the 2022 Heinrich XIII Prince Reuss coup plot which sought to violently arrest politicians and reestablish the German Empire before it was dismantled by German police. The Reich Citizens’ Movement offers “citizenship” based on ethnic criteria through an online application, claiming that applicants will be recognized once they take power. (16)

In November 2024, German police dismantled a neo-Nazi militant group known as the Saxony Separatists (SS) through a massive operation involving nearly 500 officers. The group was planning to violently overthrow the German state and enter the local parliament building to arrest elected politicians. The Saxony Separatists had been conducting paramilitary training in urban warfare and firearms use. During the raids on the group’s headquarters, police found bulletproof vests and gas masks but no weapons. At least three arrested members were linked to the AfD, including a politician identified as Kurt Haettasch, who was injured during a raid on another property when he reached for a rifle he owned. This was the second significant coup plot dismantled by German police in recent years, highlighting the very real threat posed by militant far-right groups. German Interior Minister Nancy Faeser declared, “Our security authorities have thwarted militant coup plans by right-wing terrorists longing for a ‘Day X’ to attack people and our state with armed force.”

Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)

The far-right Alternative für Deutschland (Alternative for Germany) Party (AfD), founded in 2013 and currently polling as the second-largest party nationally, has been at the forefront of the growing normalization of far-right political rhetoric and extremism in Germany. (17) The AfD began to focus on immigration and nationalist policies after an internal split in 2015, capitalizing on many German voters’ frustration with Chancellor Merkel’s response to the European migrant crisis. (18) The party went on to win significant percentages in elections at all levels of government in the years following. (19) In 2017, the AfD won 94 seats in the German general election, becoming the largest party in opposition.

The AfD has been accused of fostering an anti-democratic, racist, and xenophobic membership, and multiple AfD members have been linked to neo-Nazi networks (32). The AfD is governed by two co-chairs, both of whom are highly controversial figures in Germany. The first, Björn Höcke, a prominent far-right figure and leader of the AfD in Thuringia, has made a number of controversial statements including referring to Germany’s Holocaust memorial as a “monument of shame” (19) and arguing that Germany should take a “180-degree turn” in how it addresses its Nazi past. Accused of extremism and revisionism, a German court ruled in 2019 that it was not defamatory to call Höcke a fascist, as his rhetoric and aims fit the definition of fascism. (20) The other co-chair is Alice Weidel, a former banker, who has faced scrutiny for frequenting right-wing extremist circles and making false statements, such as that Adolf Hitler was a communist, in a January 2025 interview with Elon Musk on X, a claim which drew huge criticism. (21)

In 2021, the German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution officially classified the AfD’s youth wing Junge Alternative (Young Alternative) (JA) as an extremist organization. (22) In 2023, the entire party was classified as a suspected extremist organization in Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia, allowing the use of intelligence methods including informants and surveillance to monitor the party. (23) In 2024, massive nationwide protests erupted across Germany following the discovery of a secret meeting between AfD representatives, neo-Nazis, and businesspeople to discuss the mass deportation of foreigners and German citizens of foreign backgrounds from the country. (24) The idea refers to the AfD’s plans for the “remigration” of thousands of people in the event they gain power, including German-born individuals and German citizens of non-Germanic ethnic backgrounds in certain instances. (25)

Later in 2024, the AfD became the first far-right party since the Nazi era to win a state election. (26) In many provinces in Germany, the AfD continues to gain ground, with rallying cries like “deport, deport” heard at campaign events. (27) As of 2025, polls indicate the AfD’s national support has climbed to over 20%, with most of its support base found in East Germany, where it is the largest party. (28) Despite the party’s attempts to publicly distance itself from the neo-Nazi label, the AfD has shown willingness to collaborate with extremist networks, underscored by the involvement of members of the AfD and JA in a meeting in Thuringia in September 2024 organized by far-right think tank MetaPol focused on planning a “revolution from the right” with the goal of overturning German democracy and reshaping society based on their nationalist ideology. (33) MetaPol, active since at least 2019, serves as a hub for far-right intellectual and strategic work, and openly promotes scientific racism and militancy through publishing texts and organizing meetings to train and connect various neo-Nazi networks. (34)

Far-right street movements

Historically, the far-right street movement in Germany has been identifiable through an aesthetic subculture associated with shaved heads and bomber jackets, however more recently, these groups have embraced more mainstream fashion trends in an attempt to broaden their appeal to social support-seeking youth. Groups such as Ein Prozent (One Percent), Zukunft Heimat (Future Homeland), and the Identitarian Movement market themselves to increasingly younger audiences via online platforms like TikTok. (35) The Identitarian Movement, active across much of Europe, actively promotes the aforementioned ‘Great Replacement’ conspiracy theory, which claims that white Europeans are being systematically “replaced” by migrants.

Pride parades have been the focus of much far-right street activity in recent years. In August 2024, the city of Bautzen hosted its second-ever Pride event. Attended by approximately 1,000 people, it also attracted 700 right-wing extremists who staged a march near the parade, during which they burned rainbow flags and performed Nazi salutes (a banned symbol in Germany). There were no direct confrontations owing to a significant police presence. Similarly, in Weimar, a large demonstration was organized against the local LGBT Pride march.

In September 2024, the NPD Rhein-Neckar—part of a splinter group that broke away from the NPD in 2023 after it rebranded to Die Heimat—organized a far-right demonstration in Ketsch targeting the local LGBT Pride event under the slogan “There are only two genders!” Although the event was poorly attended, with only seven participants, those present were prominent figures in the neo-Nazi scene. They delivered speeches and played right-wing rock music, but failed to attract broader support and the demonstration ended without incident. This is likely due to the NPD Rhein-Neckar being a fringe player in the German far-right scene. (36)

In Berlin’s Marzahn district in October 2024, serious clashes occurred between far-right demonstrators and anti-fascists, resulting in 39 arrests and the assault of a journalist. The demonstration was organized by the group Deutsche Jugend Voran (DJV) and attracted around 160 participants. The event served as a counter-demonstration to a feminist rally attended by over 1,500 people. Neo-Nazis from Chemnitz traveled to Berlin to support the demonstration and attempted to confront feminist demonstrators. Criminal investigations have since been launched for the use of unconstitutional symbols and for carrying dangerous weapons. (37)

A planned far-right demonstration in Friedrichshain, a left-wing stronghold in Berlin and home to the city’s famous squatting movement, was largely thwarted by weeks of counter-protests. Only 50 of the planned 500 neo-Nazi demonstrators attended, facing thousands of anti-fascist counter-protesters. The march was rerouted away from the center of Friedrichshain, and the 50 demonstrators were surrounded by a constant cordon of police for their own protection. (38)

In December 2024, a larger far-right demonstration took place in Berlin, involving known neo-Nazis, AfD members, and other far-right actors. Among these was Bundestag member Matthias Helferich, who has been accused of using federally funded trips for extreme-right networking. (39) The previous month, Helferich had organised a trip to Berlin using federal funds under the pretense of meeting with “politically motivated citizens”. During this meeting, he networked with far-right figures and helped plan the Berlin demonstration. This caused serious controversy as the German federal state had inadvertently funded what was ultimately an anti-immigrant demonstration in its capital city.

Neo-Nazi active clubs

Active clubs are an increasingly important part of the radical right-wing scene in Germany. The concept originates in the United States and was popularized by neo-Nazi Robert Rundo. The idea is to create small, local martial arts and hiking groups to introduce young people to fascist ideology whilst also training them for confrontation. Another key aspect of this approach is forming strong bonds and communities between these mostly young men, which allows for greater radicalization. (40)

Active clubs are a key method of recruiting and engaging with a younger generation of potential neo-Nazis for many far-right groups globally. As of July 2024, there are reported to be nine active clubs in Germany with varying levels of activity. These active clubs present polished, hardened, and sometimes AI-generated images of themselves to make their numbers and influence appear larger than they are in reality. Photos of these active clubs often show members in aggressive stances, reinforcing a narrative of strength and discipline. (41)

The Third Way, a neo-Nazi party founded in 2013 by former NPD officials which promotes nationalist and anti-capitalist ideals, uses active clubs to attract, train and teach young recruits about their anti-Semitic, racist and anti-immigrant views. In July 2024, the Third Way organized the “Indo-European Hike” through the Westerwald/Taunus region, where they symbolically followed “the traces of our Indo-European ancestors.” The group uses these hikes for ideological training and as a bonding experience for activists. The Third Way also holds regular martial arts training sessions at the TSC Preussen 97 club in Berlin, which has hosted neo-Nazi activities for over two decades. The club provides a safe environment for training, free from public interference, and serves as a headquarters for the group’s activities. Martial arts training serves as both a physical and psychological tool to prepare young right-wing activists for confrontation, and a method of discipline and unity for deepening participants' ideological beliefs. (42)

The Third Way conducts public martial arts sessions in an attempt to assert control over public spaces in defiance of German authorities’ zero tolerance approach to open far-right activities since the fall of the Nazi regime in 1945. (43) On 13 July 2024, the Third Way held a public martial arts training session in Lichtenberg, Berlin. Around 20 young people participated, while another seven members were assigned to "security" duties, patrolling the perimeter and watching for anti-fascist activists. Several prominent neo-Nazis attended, primarily to provide protection for the event and to intimidate potential protesters. Police reportedly arrived at the scene as a crowd of anti-fascists began to gather. More police vans continued to arrive, and eventually, the Third Way participants were kettled by police, effectively shutting down the club's activity. Knives, pepper spray, and knuckle dusters were found on the participants (43).

The group also organizes vigilante border patrols to try to prevent migrants from crossing into Germany, and is particularly brazen in its use of inflammatory language and Nazi-era symbols. In the 2021 German election, the Third Way erected posters targeting environmentalists with the slogan “Hang the Greens”, while they have actively promoted anti-Semitic conspiracy theories during demonstrations. These posters were ruled by the German courts as incitement to violence, (44) and the group has been classified as an extremist organization in Germany. (45)

Conclusion

On 23 February 2025, Germany will go to the polls to elect a new government. Although the far-right AfD is currently the second-largest party in Germany, analysts believe it is unlikely they will enter government, despite predictions they will perform well. Incumbent Chancellor Olaf Scholz has urged all non-far-right German parties to form whatever coalitions are necessary to keep the AfD out of power. (46)

The aforementioned terror attacks, coup plots, and electoral gains by the far-right in Germany hold profound social, political, and historical significance, challenging the country’s post-war democratic principles and its commitment to tolerance and pluralism. As personal memory of Germany’s Nazi history wanes, younger generations appear increasingly comfortable with and susceptible to German nationalism owing to their lack of attachment to their country’s dark past. This has broader implications for Germany's role as a leading EU power and global advocate for liberal democratic values. As Germany grapples with this shifting zeitgeist, it must decide whether it will continue to uphold what has, for the last 80 years, been seen as its historical responsibility to resist extreme nationalism.

Bibliography

1. Center for Monitoring, Analysis and Strategy. Accessed 2024. https://cemas.io/en/

2. “Right wing extremism” The Ger­man do­mes­tic in­tel­li­gence ser­vice. Accessed 2024 shttps://www.verfassungsschutz.de/EN/topics/right-wing-extremism/right-wing-extremism_node.html

3. Oltermann, Philip. “German neo-Nazi jailed for murder of pro-immigration politician” The Guardian. 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/28/german-neo-nazi-jailed-for-murder-of-pro-immigration-politician-walter-lubcke

4. “Halle synagogue attack: Germany far-right gunman jailed for life” BBC News. 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55395682

5. Maxwill, Peter. “The Delusional World of the Suspected Killer” Spiegel. 2020. https://www.spiegel.de/international/german-mass-shooter-s-manifesto-the-delusional-world-of-the-suspected-killer-a-2bcd6275-dd13-4bfd-8a67-9a4be899443f

6. Maik Baumgärtner, Rasmus Buchsteiner, Jörg Diehl, Deike Diening, Florian Gathmann, Fabian Hillebrand, Martin Knobbe, Levin Kubeth, Peter Maxwill, Ann-Katrin Müller, Sven Röbel, Jonas Schaible, Christian Teevs, Steffen Winter and Wolf Wiedmann-Schmidt. “Why are attacks and incitement on the rise in Germany?” Spiegel. 2023. https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/new-hatred-for-politicians-why-are-attacks-and-incitement-on-the-rise-in-germany-a-06bdd32d-d64e-4446-9b34-440fe06703ec

7. Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution. "Annual Report on Far-Right Violence." 2023 .https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/SharedDocs/publikationen/EN/reports-on-the-protection-of-the-constitution/2024-06-brief-summary-2023-report-on-the-protection-of-the-constitution.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4

8. Duker, Joe. Mellsea, Jesse. “A new generation of neo-Nazis” CeMAS. 2024. https://cemas.io/en/publications/new-generation-of-neo-nazis-mobilizing-against-pride-events/

9. "Far-Right Demonstrations Against Pride Events in Germany Reach Record High." CeMAS. 2024. https://cemas.io/en/publications/new-generation-of-neo-nazis-mobilizing-against-pride-events/

10. Scheuble, Sophie. Oezmen, Fehime. “Extremists’ Targeting of Young Women on Social Media and Lessons for P/CVE” Radicalisation Action Network. 2022. https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-03/ad_hoc_young_women_social_media_Lessons-p-cve_022022_en.pdf

11. Press Release. “Decisive action to combat right-wing extremism – utilising the tools of a resilient democracy” German Interior Ministry. 2024. https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/pressemitteilungen/EN/2024/02/02_measures-to-fight-right-wing-extremism.html

12. Tjaden, Jasper. Heidland, Tobias. “Did Merkel's 2015 decision attract more migration to Germany?” 2024 https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-6765.12669

13. McGuinness, Damien “German court ban on state funding for Heimat seen as model for AfD” BBC News. 2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68072437

14. Connolly, Kate. “German court ruling sparks calls to stop state funding for far-right AfD” The Guardian. 2024. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/23/german-court-ruling-sparks-calls-to-stop-state-funding-for-far-right-afd

15. Knight, Ben. “What is Germany's 'Reichsbürger' movement?” DW News. 2024. https://www.dw.com/en/what-is-germanys-reichsb%C3%BCrger-movement/a-36094740

16. Smith, Patrick. Brockling, Marie “Here's what we know of the group accused of plotting to overthrow Germany's government” NBC News. 2022. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/germany-coup-plot-reichsburger-sovereign-citizens-conspiracy-theories-rcna60492

17. Vandusky, Julie. “A far-right political group is gaining popularity in Germany – but so, too, are protests against it” The Conversation. 2024. https://theconversation.com/a-far-right-political-group-is-gaining-popularity-in-germany-but-so-too-are-protests-against-it-223151

18. Marsh, Sarah. “Germany's far right rides high on anti-immigration, anti-green agenda” Reuters. 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/germanys-far-right-rides-high-anti-immigration-anti-green-agenda-2023-06-07/

19. Bathke, Benjamin. “How Germany’s AfD party tries to win over voters from immigrant backgrounds” Infomigrants. 2024. https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/57514/how-germanys-afd-party-tries-to-win-over-voters-from-immigrant-backgrounds

20. Von Berg, Judith. Schmidt, Nadine. “Far-right party wins seats in German parliament for first time in decades” CNN. 2017. https://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/24/europe/germany-far-right-party-election/index.html

21. “German fury at AfD Hoecke's Holocaust memorial remark” BBC News. 2017 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38661621

22. “Germany: AfD youth group can be classified as 'extremist'” DW News. 2024. https://www.dw.com/en/germany-afd-youth-group-can-be-classified-as-extremist/a-68186617

23. Mcguinness, Damien. “Germany: Court says far-right AfD is suspected of extremism” BBC News. 2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-69003733

24. Connolly, Kate. “Turmoil in Germany over neo-Nazi mass deportation meeting – explained” The Guardian. 2024. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/19/turmoil-in-germany-over-neo-nazi-mass-deportation-meeting-explained

25. Parker, Jessica. “AfD embraces mass deportation of migrants as German election nears” BBC News. 2025. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62q937y029o

26. “Germany: Far-right AfD wins first state vote since WWII” DW News. 2024. https://www.dw.com/en/far-right-german-party-wins-first-state-election-since-wwii/live-70102882

27. Baumgartner, Maik. Katrin-Muller Ann. “The True Proximity of Germany's AfD To Neo-Nazis” Spiegel. 2023. https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/dangerous-liaisons-the-true-proximity-of-germany-s-afd-to-neo-nazis-a-e69c51d3-4b3c-49d2-8d54-d7b0a19c3f9a

28. Chase, Jefferson. Goldenberg, Rina. “AfD: From anti-EU to anti-immigration” DW News. 2019. https://www.dw.com/en/afd-what-you-need-to-know-about-germanys-far-right-party/a-37208199

29. Hockenos, Paul. “What Really Went Wrong in Eastern Germany” Foreign Policy. 2024. 20https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/09/05/eastern-germany-saxony-thuringia-elections-far-right-afd-cdu-bsw/

30. Dearden, Lizzie. “German AfD politician 'attacks Holocaust memorial' and says Germans should be more positive about Nazi past” The Independent. 2017. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/germany-afd-bjoern-hoecke-berlin-holocaust-memorial-shame-history-positive-nazi-180-turnaround-a7535306.html

31. Solomon, Erika “The Man Softening the Ground for an Extremist Germany” New York Times. 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/23/world/europe/germany-extremism-hocke-afd-nazi.html

32. Connolly, Kate. “Elon Musk heaps praise on AfD’s Alice Weidel during live talk on X” The Guardian. 2025. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jan/09/elon-musk-heaps-praise-on-afd-alice-weidel-during-live-talk-on-x

33. Brost, Philip. “AfD politicians are said to have met with neo-Nazis” Tagesschau. 2024. https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/innenpolitik/afd-correktiv-recherche-potsdam-schweiz-100.html

34. Baumgartner, Maik. Muller, Ann-Katrin. “The True Proximity of Germany's AfD To Neo-Nazis” Spiegel. 2023. https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/dangerous-liaisons-the-true-proximity-of-germany-s-afd-to-neo-nazis-a-e69c51d3-4b3c-49d2-8d54-d7b0a19c3f9a?utm_source=chatgpt.com

35. Lopez, Edgar. “"Saxon separatists" remain in custody” MDR. 2024. https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/sachsen/leipzig/grimma-oschatz-wurzen/bundesanwaltschaft-terror-ermittlung-afd-haftbefehl-100.html

36. “Violent clash of groups at neo-Nazi demo in Marzahn” Berliner Mag. 2024. https://www.the-berliner.com/english-news-berlin/violent-clash-neo-nazi-demo-marzahn/

37. “Pride in the village: This is why queer people demonstrated in Ketsch” SWR 2024. https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/mannheim/queer-dorf-pride-rhein-neckar-kreis-ketsch-100.html

38. Wassenmuller, Juri. “Queer Pride instead of White Pride” TAZ. 2024. https://taz.de/CSD-in-Bautzen/!6029166/

39. “Successful protests against neo-Nazi march in Friedrichshain” Berlin Against Nazis. 2024. https://berlin-gegen-nazis.de/en/successful-protests-against-neo-nazi-march-in-friedrichshain/#

40. Knight, Ben. “Who are Germany's far-right 'Third Path'?” DW News. 2021. https://www.dw.com/en/who-are-germanys-extreme-right-group-the-third-path/a-59620861

41. “Far-right AfD moves to expel 'Saxonian Separatist' militants” DW News. 2024. https://www.dw.com/en/far-right-afd-moves-to-expel-saxonian-separatist-militants/a-70718634

42. “Far-right in Germany goes into damage control mode after car-ramming attack” TRT World. 2024. https://www.trtworld.com/discrimination/far-right-in-germany-goes-into-damage-control-mode-after-car-ramming-attack-18245993

43. “Masked neo-Nazis attack protest in Friedrichshain” Berliner Mag. 2024. https://www.the-berliner.com/english-news-berlin/masked-neo-nazis-third-way-attack-protest-ostkreuz-friedrichshain/

44. McGuinness, Damien. “Germany unveils measures to tackle far-right surge” BBC News. 2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68285305

45. Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution. “Right Wing Extremism” Accessed 2024. https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/EN/topics/right-wing-extremism/right-wing-extremism_node.html

46. “Scholz says Musk support for far-right 'threatens democracy'” DW News. 2025. https://www.dw.com/en/scholz-says-musk-support-for-far-right-threatens-democracy/a-71324939