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Insurgency Overview Al-Qaeda in Kurdistan, also known as the Kurdistan Brigades, is a militant Islamist Affiliated with Al-Qaeda, they are a Salafist, Kurdish Militia aimed at combating what they deem to be Qaeda itself. As AQKB is an affiliate organisation of Al-Qaeda, it has sworn allegiance to Ayman Mohammad Rabie al-Zawahiri (the former leader of al-Qaeda) prior to his death in 2022.

Insurgency Overview Al-Qaeda in the Sinai Peninsula (AQSP) is an Egyptian jihadist organisation that was formed during a merger of al-Qaeda operatives who were already present in the Sinai and the terror This branch of al-Qaeda was first announced to be operating in August of 2006 when the then-deputy leader of al-Qaeda, Ayman al-Zawahiri, announced that it had split from a rival Islamist organisation in the This was also seen in Somalia with al-Shabaab (an al-Qaeda affiliate group).

Introduction & Overview Harakat al-Shabaab al-mujahideen (حركة الشباب المجاهدين) or more commonly known Organisation Roots & History The exact origins of al-Shabaab are unclear. Islamist terrorist organisations but most importantly al-Qaeda (AQ). The relationship between al-Qaeda and al-Shabaab was fraught and they interacted mainly online before However, after Osama Bin Laden's death in 2011 the Somali-based insurgency group became an official al-Qaeda

on became leaders of Ansaru – fleeing to surrounding states where they were sheltered by ‘friendly’ al-Qaeda , the group continued to maintain an online presence and posted messages from its telegram praising al-Qaeda In 2022 the group also reaffirmed its allegiance to al-Qaeda in a statement which it released online, Objectives & Ideology Ansaru’s ideological position is similar to other al-Qaeda aligned groups and is Nevertheless, due to its declaration of allegiance to al-Qaeda, this could be considered as its only

Interestingly, one of the precursor organisations to HTS -- Jabhat al-Nusra -- was al-Qaeda’s affiliate In July 2016, following the split of al-Qaeda from the Islamic State, Al-Nusra'a leadership announced a ‘rebranding’ of the organisation into Jabhat Fatah al-Sham and severed ties with al-Qaeda. (HTS), and due to non-communication between the new HTS leadership and al-Qaeda, the split was viewed International Relations & Potential Alliances HTS has a strenuous relationship with Al-Qaeda as it is

reading – the group does not use this abbreviation) is an armed Jihadist group with extensive links to al-Qaeda It was placed under the command of al-Qaeda in the Sinai Peninsula in August of 2012 (Roggio, 2012a). order to improve the coordination between the activities of Jihadist groups operating in Gaza under al-Qaeda al Jihad (al-Qaeda) and Sheikh Zawahiri”. However, the group originally pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2012 (Joscelyn, 2012), and this suggests

to be a branch of, or a part of, al-Qaeda. most concrete argument behind the group’s foundations claims that it emerged as a splinter faction of al-Qaeda Further arguments and elements which complement the ambiguity of the group’s ties to Al Qaeda involve simply revolve around being a disinformation platform propped up by another Islamist group, such as al-Qaeda assumption that the group may indeed exist, its potential alliances would effectively be limited to al-Qaeda

Insurgency Overview​​ Liwa al-Quds (Free Jerusalem) is a Palestinian armed group loyal to the government of Bashar al-Assad in Syria. It is currently commanded by Colonel Muhammad al-Sa’eed. Anti-Assad rebels, including members of the then al-Qaeda affiliate Jabhat al-Nusra laid siege to both and Ein al-Tal camps.

Formed from the unification of two other Jihadist factions in 2015, Ajnad al-Kavkaz have fought against It is led by Rustam Azhiev, who goes by the nom-de-guerre Abdul Hakim al-Shishani. When the civil war began in Syria, Azhiev was the leader of Jamaat al-Khilafa al-Qawqazia which merged with Jamaat Jund al-Qawqaz to form Ajnad al-Kavkaz (AK) in 2015. called Jabat al-Nusra, an Al-Qaeda affiliate) and Ahrar al-Sham.

JNIM formed through the merger of Ansar Dine, the Macina Liberation Front, and the Saharan branch of Al-Qaeda This merger occurred after the leaders of the respective groups declared allegiance to the leader of Al-Qaeda – Ayman al-Zawahiri – in March of 2017. This merger took place due to an adherence to Al-Qaeda’s doctrine of unification which would allow JNIM As JNIM is an al-Qaeda affiliate, it has a strong rivalry with the Islamic State (IS) and its militants

Introduction & Overview Fatah al-Intifada is an armed militant Palestinian faction which is active in Founded by Colonel Said al-Murugha, also known as Abu Musa, it officially represents itself as the ‘Palestinian In 1984, Abu Musa led Fatah al-Intifada to join the Palestinian National Alliance in Damascus but failed Fatah al-Intifada has also fought alongside the Syrian government in the Syrian civil war, taking part Objectives & Ideology The stated aims of the Fatah al-Intifada group are similar to other Palestinian

Insurgency Overview Ahrar al- Sharqiya, also known as Tajammu Ahrar al-Sharqiya is an armed Syrian rebel It was formed in 2016 by former al-Nusra and Ahrar al-Sham members who were displaced following fighting , who was also a part of al-Nusra. al-Ansari, being one of these reported commanders (Rojava Information Centre, 2019). al-Shamiya and also Ahrar al-Sham, over property which they had stolen from civilians (ANF News, 2018